990. Satisfiability of Equality Equations 等式方程的可满足性
作者: 负雪明烛 id: fuxuemingzhu 个人博客: https://fuxuemingzhu.cn/
题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/satisfiability-of-equality-equations/
Given an array equations of strings that represent relationships between variables, each string equations[i] has length 4 and takes one of two different forms: "a==b" or "a!=b". Here, a and b are lowercase letters (not necessarily different) that represent one-letter variable names.
Return true if and only if it is possible to assign integers to variable names so as to satisfy all the given equations.
Example 1:
Input: ["a==b","b!=a"]Output: falseExplanation: If we assign say, a = 1 and b = 1, then the first equation is satisfied, but not the second. There is no way to assign the variables to satisfy both equations.Example 2:
Input: ["b==a","a==b"]Output: trueExplanation: We could assign a = 1 and b = 1 to satisfy both equations.Example 3:
Input: ["a==b","b==c","a==c"]Output: trueExample 4:
Input: ["a==b","b!=c","c==a"]Output: falseExample 5:
Input: ["c==c","b==d","x!=z"]Output: trueNote:
- 1 <= equations.length <= 500
- equations[i].length == 4
- equations[i][0] and equations[i][3] are lowercase letters
- equationsi is either ’=’ or ’!’
- equations[i][2] is ’=’
给了一连串的等式和不等式,判断这些等式和不等式能否同时都成立。
这题最难的部分就是数据抽象,其实并不难:把每个字母当做一个节点,把等号代表两个节点之间有连接,把不等号代表两个节点之间没有连接。判断这样的图是否存在。
由此可见,我们首先可以根据等号关系,把这个网的所有节点之间的连接构成一个无向图。然后对于不等号,我们记性dfs搜索,判断等号两边的节点能不能有路。如果有路代表两者通过一定的等号关系能够相互转化,那么就不符合不等号关系,返回false;如果所有不等号两边的节点都没有路,那么返回true.
这个题直接搜索的话会超时,可以把已经访问过的节点保存下来,这样的话,等我们在搜索下一条路的时候不会走已经搜索过的节点。
python代码如下:
class Solution(object): def equationsPossible(self, equations): """ :type equations: List[str] :rtype: bool """ self.m = collections.defaultdict(list) for eq in equations: if eq[1] == '=': self.m[eq[0]].append(eq[3]) self.m[eq[3]].append(eq[0]) for eq in equations: if eq[1] == '!': if self.find(set(), eq[0], eq[3]) or self.find(set(), eq[3], eq[0]): return False return True
def find(self, visited, begin, end): if begin in visited: return False visited.add(begin) if begin == end: return True for n in self.m[begin]: if self.find(visited, n, end): return True return False判断两个点直接是否有连接的一个更为简单的方法就是使用并查集。如果两个节点的祖先相同,说明两者之间有路。
下面是一种并查集的写法,这个写法在查找某个节点的祖先的时候做了路径压缩,使得被查找节点直接挂载到了祖先上,这样下次查找的时候就不用搜索那么多了。而合并的这一步骤,是直接查找到两个节点的左右祖先,把其中一个的祖先设置成为了另一个。
不要太纠结,记住,对于a==b,无论是a的祖先设置成b、还是把b的祖先设置成a,都不想影响查找出来的a和b的祖先是同一个元素。
python代码如下:
class Solution(object): def equationsPossible(self, equations): """ :type equations: List[str] :rtype: bool """ dsu = DSU() for eq in equations: if eq[1] == '=': dsu.u(ord(eq[0]) - ord('a'), ord(eq[3]) - ord('a')) for eq in equations: if eq[1] == '!': if dsu.f(ord(eq[0]) - ord('a')) == dsu.f(ord(eq[3]) - ord('a')): return False return True
class DSU(object): def __init__(self): self.m = range(26)
def f(self, x): if self.m[x] != x: self.m[x] = self.f(self.m[x]) return self.m[x]
def u(self, x, y): px = self.f(x) py = self.f(y) self.m[px] = pyC++代码如下:
class Solution {public: bool equationsPossible(vector<string>& equations) { init(); for (string& s : equations) { if (s[1] == '=') { u(s[0] - 'a', s[3] - 'a'); } } for (string& s : equations) { if (s[1] == '!') { if (f(s[0] - 'a') == f(s[3] - 'a')) return false; } } return true; }private: int _fa[26];
void init() { for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i) { _fa[i] = i; } } int f(int x) { if (_fa[x] == x) return x; return _fa[x] = f(_fa[x]); } void u(int a, int b) { int pa = f(a); int pb = f(b); _fa[pa] = pb; }};2019 年 2 月 21 日 —— 一放假就再难抓紧了

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